Pierre Paul Broca (1824–1880) identified an area of the brain responsible for speech production in 1861. Having observed a patient who could not speak except for the meaningless utterance of “tan, tan,” Broca examined the brain of the individual upon his death. Broca determined the patient was missing a section of the frontal lobe from the cerebral hemisphere. Broca continued to examine the brains of individuals with a lack of speech and found they all lacked the same area of the brain.