In 1645, Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius (1611–1687) charted 250 craters and other surface features on the Moon. Today, he is known as the founder of lunar topography. Also around that time, Italian physicist Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618–1663) built a telescope and used it to make hundreds of drawings of the Moon, which he pieced together to form a map of the features of the Moon’s surface.