Gymnosperms (from the Greek terms gymnos, meaning “naked,” and sperma, meaning “seed”) produce seeds that are totally exposed (thus “naked,” or not enclosed inside a fruit like angiosperms; for more about angiosperms, see below) or borne on the scales of cones. These “naked-seed” plants—truly a misnomer because the seeds are really highly protected under the scales of developing cones—first included the cycad and ginkgo; later, the sequoia, cypress, and pines evolved.