The precise number may never be known, but somewhere in the neighborhood of 6,000 Confederates went killed, wounded, or missing that day, with the worst losses coming in the desperate, late afternoon attacks on Malvern Hill. The Northern men had clearly gained much—in courage and stamina—over the past few weeks, and they gave the Southerners hell as they attempted to capture fortified positions. Not many men on either side possessed repeating rifles, but they hardly needed them in the turkey shoots that ensued. There were Confederate regiments that lost half their men on the afternoon of July 1, and when the complete fighting of the Seven Days’ Battles was reckoned, it was clear that Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia had lost in the neighborhood of 21,000 men.