In 1947 studio executives assembled at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York put together a list of alleged Communist sympathizers, naming some 300 writers, directors, actors, and others known or suspected to have Communist Party affiliations or of having invoked the Fifth Amendment against self-incrimination when questioned by the House Committee to Investigate Un-American Activities. The “Hollywood Ten” who refused to tell the committee whether or not they had been Communists were Alvah Bessie, Herbert Biberman, Lester Cole, Edward Dmytryk, Ring Lardner Jr., John Howard Lawson, Albert Maltz, Samuel Ornitz, Adrian Scott, and Dalton Trumbo. The film industry blacklisted the Hollywood Ten on November 25, and all of them drew short prison sentences for refusing to testify.