In Book One of the Metamorphoses Ovid includes the story of Deucalion and his wife who were spared in the flood the angry Jupiter sent to punish the wickedness of humans. After the flood Deucalion and Pyrrha are instructed by the goddess Themis to create a new population of humans by casting behind them the bones of their Great Mother. Eventually they understand that the Great Mother is earth and her bones are stones. The stones Deucalion casts are transformed into men; those cast by Pyrrha become women.