The mythology of Republican Rome was an amalgam of indigenous, Latin, Etruscan, and Greek influences. Lenus, for instance, a god from Gaul, became Mars Lenus and Jupiter Dolichenus took his name from an area in Thessaly in Greece. Aphrodite of Mount Eryx in Sicily, recognized by the Romans during the Punic Wars with Cathage in the third century B.C.E., was given a temple on the Capitoline Hill as Venus Erycina.

The Romans were particularly impressed by Greek culture and eventually attempted to make their pantheon syncretic with that of the Olympians.