Not exactly. The radical materialist idea that organisms are “computations” of their genes and environmental conditions has had critics, most notably Richard Lewontin (1929–) in his Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA (1991) and The Triple Helix: Gene, Organism, and Environment (2000). Lewonton’s main contribution has been to point out that seemingly random factors in the development of organisms, which cannot be predicted before the fact, are the third element in biological replication.