Fichte was opposed to what he called dogmatism, or the idea that there was an external world that was independent of human beings and what they valued. He thought that atheism, materialism, and determinism were the results of such beliefs in objective reality, and this was to the detriment of morality. Even Immanuel Kant’s (1724–1804) system had a dogmatic strain in his positing of things-in-themselves, which could not be known. Fichte’s solution to these problems of dogmatism was idealism: mind creates everything.