The scholastics were the first heavyweight philosophical school of medieval times. Their eleventh-century founder was St. Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109), who was followed by Peter Abelard (1079–1142) and Peter Lombard (1100–1160) in the twelfth century. During the same time, Jewish and Islamic philosophers reintroduced Aristotle to the West. This innovation culminated in the work of St. Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274), followed by John Duns Scotus (1266–1308).