Ten incumbent presidents were defeated in their bids for reelection: John Adams (1800), John Quincy Adams (1828), Martin Van Buren (1840), Grover Cleveland (1888), Benjamin Harrison (1892), William Howard Taft (1912), Herbert Hoover (1932), Gerald Ford (1976), Jimmy Carter (1980), and George Bush (1992). Five sitting presidents—John Tyler (1844), Millard Fillmore (1852), Franklin Pierce (1856), Andrew Johnson (1868), and Chester Alan Arthur (1884)—wanted to run but did not win their party’s nomination.