Eisenhower had two secretaries of state during his two-term presidency: John Foster Dulles and Christian A. Herter. Dulles served from 1953 to 1958 and Herter served from 1959 to 1961. Dulles, who died in office, crafted an aggressive foreign policy against Communism. Herter, who had served as governor of Massachusetts, had been undersecretary of state for Dulles.