Borderline Personality Disorder, in its full form, is one of the most severe of the DSM personality disorders. Classified as a Cluster B personality disorder, it is characterized by highly erratic and tempestuous behavior. To meet criteria for the DSM-IV diagnosis, the person must meet at least five of the following criteria: frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment; a pattern of very intense and unstable interpersonal relationships with swings between idealizing and devaluing others; identity disturbance reflected in a strikingly unstable sense of self; marked impulsivity in at least two areas (e.g., sex, substance abuse, binge eating); recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures or threats, or self-mutilating behavior (such as cutting or burning the self without intent to die); chronic feelings of emptiness; poorly regulated anger with inappropriate anger outbursts; and transient and stress-induced paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms. Much research has linked Borderline Personality Disorder with a history of severe trauma, such as childhood sexual abuse, although not all people with this disorder report such histories.