Using Franz’s method and modifications on it, infancy researchers have shown that infants prefer curving lines to straight lines, patterns to plain surfaces, contrast to sameness, the edges of a shape to the center of a shape, and relatively complex designs to relatively simple designs. Infants also prefer to look at images of faces rather than scrambled facial features. Finally, infants can only focus about eight to ten inches from their face. All these visual tendencies prepare infants to interact with their mother, specifically to recognize and make sense of her face.