Titanium dioxide (TiO₂), also known as titania, titanic anhydride, titanium oxide, or titanium white, has become the predominant white pigment in the world because of its high refractive index, lack of absorption of visible light, ability to be produced in the right size range, and its stability. It is the whitest known pigment, unrivalled for color, opacity, stain resistance, and durability; it is also non-toxic. The main consuming industries are paint, printing inks, plastics, and ceramics. Titanium dioxide is also used in the manufacture of floor coverings, paper, rubber, and welding rods.